Influence of a coarse interlayer on seawater intrusion and contaminant migration in coastal aquifers          下载免费PDF全文

Yi Liu  Xiaomin Mao  Jian Chen  D. A. Barry 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5162-5175

Vertical 2D slice laboratory experiments were carried out in homogenous and layered sand tanks to elucidate the effects of a highly permeable (coarse‐grained sand) interlayer on seawater intrusion and transport of contaminants to a coastal sea. Tidal fluctuations produced oscillations in the seawater–freshwater transition zone, fluctuations of the contaminant infiltration rate and a zigzag contaminant plume outline. The seawater wedge became discontinuous at the (vertical) edges of the interlayer because of increased lateral movement of the seawater–freshwater interface within the interlayer. The contaminant plume formed a tail within the interlayer depending on the tidal stage, and similar to the wedge, its movement was accentuated. A simple analytical model that neglected vertical flow reliably predicted steady‐state seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. Numerical modeling was used to gain insight into the groundwater hydrodynamics and contaminant migration. The numerical results confirmed the experimental findings, i.e. that a highly permeable interlayer can provide a rapid transit path for contaminants to reach the seaward boundary and that the interlayer amplifies the effects of tidal fluctuations, resulting in wider transition zones for the seawater wedge and contaminant plume. Numerical simulations further showed that, with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity, the maximum seawater intrusion distance inside the interlayer increases approximately linearly. For the fixed‐head contaminant injection condition used, the model showed that contaminant infiltration increases approximately logarithmically with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity (other factors held fixed). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

内蒙古火龙沟铅锌矿床成矿岩体年代学、地球化学及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨文生  佘宏全  席文泽  康永建  向安平  李进文  李长俭  赵迎磊 《矿床地质》2016,35(3):509-523

内蒙古火龙沟铅锌矿床是近期勘查发现、预期可达中型规模以上的铅锌矿床之一,笔者对该矿区的侵入岩——正长花岗岩进行了LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U_Pb定年和主量、微量元素分析,锆石U_Pb定年结果为(224.0±2.5)Ma,表明,该岩体侵位于晚三叠世。岩石地球化学研究结果显示火龙沟正长花岗岩体具有明显富Si O2和ALK、贫Mg O和TFe的特点,A/NK-A/CNK图解显示正长花岗岩属于准铝质花岗岩。微量元素蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti。稀土元素配分模式表现出富集LREE,亏损HREE的右倾型,LREE/HREE=8.04~10.40,具有明显Eu的负异常。花岗岩锆饱和温度计算结果表明该花岗岩岩浆形成温度为820℃,属于高温花岗岩,以上地球化学特征和高温的特点表明该花岗岩为A型花岗岩。结合区域构造演化历史,笔者认为该花岗岩体形成于古亚洲洋闭合后的造山后垮塌岩石圈伸展构造环境。  相似文献   

中条山地区郭家沟基性-超基性岩体的岩石成因及地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林伟 《地质与勘探》2016,52(6):1116-1128

文章通过对中条山地区郭家沟基性-超基性岩体的岩石学、矿物学和岩石地球化学方面的分析研究,讨论了该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因、及其地质意义。郭家沟岩体侵入时代为元古代,可能与绛县群形成时代较为相近(2200Ma左右)。郭家沟岩体具有岩相分带现象,边缘相为辉长岩,向内渐变过渡为含长辉石岩、变余辉石岩(角闪石岩)等,在岩体的中心发育着磁铁透闪石岩;岩石中Mg O与其他主量元素线性相关,各类岩石地球化学特征较为相似,显示出岩石受分离结晶作用的影响,具有岩浆同源演化的趋势;岩石总体显示出低硅、低镁、高铁、高钛、高钙的特征,相对富集LREE和LILE,而亏损HREE和Nb、Ta、Zr、Y等高场强元素,轻重稀土分馏明显,具有较弱的Eu异常,V含量较高,具有阿拉斯加型侵入岩体和与火山弧相关的岩浆特征。从岩石组合及地球化学特征结合区域构造演化,认为岩体形成于大陆边缘弧的构造环境,从侧面也说明绛县群的形成环境应该是大陆边缘俯冲后的伸展环境,而非陆内裂谷。  相似文献   

干侵入对我国东部一次强飑线过程的作用分析     

崔强  王春明  张云 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,10(2):18-24

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、雷达资料、FY2E卫星资料等,对2014年7月30日至31日发生在我国东部的一次强飑线天气过程进行综合分析,并着重分析了干侵入对此次飑线过程的作用。结果表明：中层阶梯槽引导高层干冷空气向下入侵后叠加在低层暖湿气流之上,增强了大气不稳定,不稳定能量累积;低空切变线促使不稳定能量释放,是此次飑线的重要触发机制。对干侵入的分析结果表明：此次飑线过程中,干侵入来源于高空槽后下沉气流,干侵入底部风场调整使得飑线在移动过程中发生了转向。在飑线发展过程中,干侵入范围扩大、强度增强;干侵入使飑线发生区域上空空气变冷、变干,增强了大气不稳定。干侵入底部的低相当位温空气与飑线内部高相当位温空气混合是飑线长时间维持的重要原因。  相似文献   

黄土高原一次超级单体短时强降水中尺度分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王楠  李萍云  井宇  赵强 《气象科学》2016,36(6):742-751

2012年盛夏陕西绥德县出现短时强降水,4 h雨量超过100 mm。利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料进行诊断分析发现,在陕北东北部对流层中下层有一中α尺度气旋存在,且随高度向东北倾斜,垂直方向上形成次级环流,使强降水区的上升运动加剧。分析地面观测、卫星资料发现,西路冷空气引导干侵入加强层结不稳定性,东路冷空气楔形抬升作用,使得不稳定能量释放;同时,在东西两路干冷空气的夹击作用下,绥德县内形成中气旋,暖湿空气在当地得以聚集上升;2个中β尺度对流云团在东西路风场作用下合并后迅速增强。多普勒雷达资料显示,2个中γ尺度的超级单体回波在绥德先后发展形成列车效应;2个超级单体中的中气旋特征各有不同,是回波结构演变的主要原因。  相似文献   

Features and evaluation of sea/saltwater intrusion in southern Laizhou Bay     

LIU Hong-wei  Klaus Hisby  ZHOU Yang-xiao  MA Zhen  CHEN She-ming  GUO Xu 《地下水科学与工程》2016,4(2):141-148

Understanding the degree of sea/saltwater intrusion in coastal regions is of great significance to treating the intrusion and improving the environment. Based on the character analysis of the sea/saltwater intrusion, five factors were selected in the fuzzy-synthetical evaluation approach to form the index system, so as to evaluate the degree of sea/saltwater intrusion in southern Laizhou Bay. The results show that the sea/saltwater intrusion is stronger in the middle and northern areas and weaker on the sides and in southern area; currently, the intrusion is relatively serious, and the intrusion area has covered about 68.2% of the areas under study, among which the heavily intruded area is over 50%. Based on the factors analysis of the occurrence and development of sea/saltwater intrusion, the thesis proposes treatment measures.  相似文献   

利用被动示踪物模拟对黑潮入侵南海的数值研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘统亚  许洁馨  何映晖  吕海滨  姚远  蔡树群 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(9):1-12

由于缺少观测数据和对黑潮水准确定义,很难识别出从太平洋入侵到南海的黑潮水团。本文基于一个经过观测验证的三维模式MITgcm,利用被动示踪物标记黑潮水,研究了入侵南海的黑潮水的时空变化。研究表明,在冬季,黑潮水入侵的范围最广,几乎占据了18°N-23°N和114°E-121°E的区域;并有一个分支进入台湾海峡;黑潮入侵的范围随深度增加逐渐减小。在夏季,黑潮水被限制在118°E以东,且没有分支进入台湾海峡;入侵的范围从海面到约205米是增大的,之后随深度增加逐渐减小。通过分析从2003年到2012年黑潮入侵的年际变化,与厄尔尼诺年和正常年相比,冬季黑潮入侵后向台湾海峡的分支在拉尼娜年是最弱的,这可能与中国大陆东南方向的风应力旋度有关。通过吕宋海峡的黑潮入侵通量（KIT）是西向的,其年平均值约为-3.86×10⁶ m³/s,大于吕宋海峡通量（LST,约-3.15×10⁶ m³/s）。250米以上的KIT约占了全深度通量的60-80%。此外,从2003年到2012年KIT与Niño 3.4指数的相关系数到达0.41,小于LST与Niño 3.4指数的相关系数0.78。  相似文献   

Geochemical and Petrological Studies on the Early Carboniferous Sidingheishan Mafic–Ultramafic Iintrusion in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China     

SUN Tao  QIAN Zhuangzhi  THAKURTA Joyashish  YANG Shenghong  XU Gang  DUAN Jun  GAO Bo  WANG Jing 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):952-971

The Sidingheishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion is located in the eastern part of the Northern Tianshan Mountain, along the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in northern Xinjiang autonomous region of China. The Sidingheishan intrusion is mainly composed of wehrlite, olivine websterite, olivine gabbro, gabbro and hornblende gabbro. At least two pulses of magma were involved in the formation of the intrusion. The first pulse of magma produced an olivine-free unit and the second pulse produced an olivine-bearing unit. The magmas intruded the Devonian granites and granodiorites.An age of 351.4±5.8 Ma(Early Carboniferous) for the Sidingheishan intrusion has been determined by U-Pb SHRIMP analysis of zircon grains separated from the olivine gabbro unit. A U-Pb age of 359.2±6.4 Ma from the gabbro unit has been obtained by LA-ICP-MS. Olivine of the Sidingheishan intrusion reaches 82.52 mole% Fo and 1414 ppm Ni. On the basis of olivine-liquid equilibria, it has been calculated that the MgO and FeO included in the parental magma of a wehrlite sample were approximately10.43 wt% and 13.14 wt%, respectively. The Sidingheishan intrusive rocks are characterized by moderate enrichments in Th and Sm, slight enrichments in light REE, and depletions in Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. The ε_(Nd)(t) values in the rock units vary from +6.70 to +9.64, and initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios range between 0.7035 and0.7042. Initial ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb, ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb values fall in the ranges of 17.23-17.91,15.45-15.54 and 37.54-38.09 respectively. These characteristics are collectively similar to the Heishan intrusion and the Early Carboniferous subduction related volcanic rocks in the Santanghu Basin, North Tianshan and Beishan area. The low(La/Gd)_(PM) values between 0.26 and 1.77 indicate that the magma of the Sidingheishan intrusion was most likely derived from a depleted spinel-peridotite mantle.(Th/Nb)_(PM)ratios from 0.59 to 20.25 indicate contamination of the parental magma in the upper crust.Crystallization modeling methods suggest that the parental magma of the Sidingheishan intrusion was generated by flush melting of the asthenosphere and subsequently there was about 10 vol%contamination from a granitic melt. This was followed by about 5 vol% assimilation of upper crustal rocks. Thus, the high-Mg basaltic parental magma of Sidingheishan intrusion is interpreted to have formed from partial melting of the asthenosphere during the break-off of a subducted slab.  相似文献   

豫西崤山东部中河岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素特征     

肖建辉  武广  孟宪锋  范海洋  李铁刚  田强国  徐文超 《矿床地质》2018,37(2):290-310

中河花岗斑岩体位于河南省崤山东部,该岩体是最近发现的中河大型银铅锌矿床的成矿母岩。选取2件花岗斑岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得2件样品的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为(129±0.7)Ma(MSWD=0.78)和(131±1.5)Ma(MSWD=1.70),表明中河岩体形成于早白垩世。岩石地球化学特征显示,中河岩体具有高的w(SiO_2)和w(K_2O)、低的w(Na_2O),其A/CNK比值为1.03~1.63,Mg#值介于25~50,总体上属于过铝质-强过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列。岩石具有低的w(Yb),中等-弱的铕负异常,稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素富集型,轻稀土元素分馏相对强烈,但重稀土元素分馏不明显。中河岩体有相对低的w(Sr)和w(Y),且富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、U、K和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Hf、Ti和重稀土元素。中河岩体锆石εHf(t)值为-34.4~-23.2,平均为-26.9,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄介于2485~3182 Ma,平均为2714 Ma。岩石地球化学特征及Hf同位素组成表明中河岩体的岩浆源区主要为新太古代地壳物质,并有少量的中太古代地壳物质,中-新太古代增生的具有弧岩浆特征的地壳物质部分熔融形成了早白垩世的中河岩体。  相似文献   

西秦岭中—晚三叠世构造属性:来自将其那梁侵入杂岩体的年代学及地球化学证据     

严镜  刘景显  蒲万峰  魏学平  李智斌 《现代地质》2021,35(6):1677-1690

西秦岭造山带印支早期的构造环境仍存在较多争论,选择西秦岭将其那梁杂岩体进行详细的年代学、岩石学及地球化学分析,以期对该科学问题进行深入探讨。将其那梁杂岩体由石英闪长岩和花岗斑岩组成,石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(240.0±1.5) Ma,形成时代为中三叠世,属于早印支期。将其那梁杂岩体具有富钾(K₂O=3.09%~3.54%)、富碱(K₂O+Na₂O=6.44%~7.20%)和过铝质(A/CNK=1.05~1.56)特征,Mg^#值(54~67)较高,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性岩类。将其那梁杂岩体石英闪长岩和花岗斑岩具有相似的微量元素及稀土元素组成,轻重稀土元素分馏明显(LREE/HREE=8.19~14.63),呈右倾特征,显示无或弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.87~1.03),具有亏损Nb、Ta、Zr等高场强元素和富集Ba、Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素的地球化学特征。岩石地球化学特征指示,将其那梁杂岩体主要源于下地壳高钾变基性岩的部分熔融,且有幔源物质参与其中。结合区域地质背景,认为将其那梁杂岩体形成于火山弧构造环境,可能与中—晚三叠世阿尼玛卿—勉略洋向北俯冲有关,反映了中—晚三叠世西秦岭地区具有活动大陆边缘的属性。  相似文献